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On the contrary evidence also suggests that
2023-01-28

On the contrary, evidence also suggests that autophagy plays a striking protective role in cancer cells. Highly burgeoning cancer Ghrelin (rat) mg require cellular building blocks for their metabolism and energy production. At this stage of cancer development, autophagy acts as a friend providing a
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br Conflicts of interest br Introduction
2023-01-28

Conflicts of interest Introduction Phosphatidic PPDA phosphatase (PAP) enzymes are responsible for catalyzing the reaction that dephosphorylates phosphatidic acid (PA), which in turn produces diacylglycerol (DAG) and a phosphate group during phospholipid regulation (Fig. 1A) [1]. Subsequently,
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br Acknowledgments br Introduction Human innate immune syste
2023-01-28

Acknowledgments Introduction Human innate immune system provides first line of defense against multiple viral or bacterial attacks, and provides critical surveillance against oncogenic development. Evidences show that individuals with primary immunodeficiency or induced immunosuppression durin
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The following are the supplementary
2023-01-28

The following are the supplementary data related to this article. Competing interest Ethics approval and consent to participate Authors' contributions Acknowledgements The authors thank Dr. D. R. Kaplan for kind advice and materials derived from NB primary cell lines, Dr. F. D. Miller f
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Apelin is a bioactive peptide and endogenous ligand for the
2023-01-28

Apelin is a bioactive peptide and endogenous ligand for the APJ receptor (APLNR), a member of the G protein coupled receptor family that shares a similar sequence as the angiotensin type-1 receptor (AT1) [5]. Early studies demonstrated that the apelin/APLNR receptor axis plays a significant role in
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MADS box proteins are combinatorial
2023-01-28

MADS box proteins are combinatorial transcription factors in that they often derive their regulatory specificity from other DNA binding or accessory factors. In many cases, the cofactor with which MADS box proteins interact specifies which genes are regulated, when they are regulated and if these ge
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Since artemisinin shows low solubility and poor oral
2023-01-28

Since artemisinin shows low solubility and poor oral bioavailability [8], [9], derivatizations of artemisinin were carried out and yielded different semisynthetic antimalarial drugs such as artemether and sodium artesunate. Artemether (decahydro-10-methoxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,12-epoxy-12H-pyrano [4.3-
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Flurbiprofen br Epidemiology br Genetics The dominantly inhe
2023-01-28

Epidemiology Genetics The dominantly inherited PrP cerebral amyloidoses are genetically transmitted with a penetrance of almost 100%. Early linkage analysis studies helped to established the relationship between GSS and mutations in the PRNP gene. PRNP is located on the short arm of chromosome
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Therefore in the present study we first
2023-01-28

Therefore, in the present study, we first examined the ATRAP CM-272 in human leukocytes of healthy subjects. We next analyzed possible relevant clinical factors affecting ATRAP expression in leukocytes of patients with NCDs. Furthermore, we examined the possible effect of ATRAP downregulation on the
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Perhaps the first evidence of AMPKs therapeutic
2023-01-28

Perhaps the first evidence of AMPKs therapeutic ability in DM1 came from Thomas Cooper’s laboratory where they demonstrated that insulin-independent glucose uptake was unaffected in human DM1 muscle azd9291 treated with MET, an AMPK activator and first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus [76]
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We next developed a system for staging severity
2023-01-27

We next developed a system for staging severity. Our guiding principles were the following. Two types of information about the research participant are staged independently from each other: (1) grading disease severity using biomarkers and (2) grading the severity of cognitive impairment. Measures u
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br Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives br Disclaimer
2023-01-27

Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives Disclaimer Statement Introduction Aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDHs (E.C. 1.2.1.3) are multigene family of NAD(P)+-dependents group of structurally and functionally related ubiquitously distributed enzymes involved in the specific and irreversible oxid
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br Translational Considerations Targeting the AHR Pathway Mo
2023-01-27

Translational Considerations Targeting the AHR Pathway Modulating AHR function offers exciting therapeutic potential in host immunity and inflammation. However, the emerging concept of AHR function in a cell type-specific manner, combined with differences between AHR activation in cell culture i
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Circulating adrenal derived stress hormones epinephrine and
2023-01-27

Circulating adrenal-derived stress hormones, epinephrine and corticosterone mediate their tissue effects through adrenergic (AR; α and β) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors. AR are widely distributed throughout the body and although epinephrine is a prototypical agonist for all types of AR, the selec
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Renal cell carcinoma RCC accounts for more than cancer death
2023-01-26

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for more than 12,000 cancer deaths in the United States (Jemal et al., 2003). The current treatment includes surgical resection followed by interleukin-2 or Interferon-α treatment. Some patients experience distant metastatic lesions of RCC. In the last 5 years, re
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