• We also examined possible involvement

  2022-03-31

  

  We also examined possible involvement of the NF-κB signaling pathway in GSK-3 inhibitor-induced suppression of PGE2 production, whereas GSK-3 inhibitors did not have a significant effect on IκB phosphorylation/degradation or NF-κB nuclear translocation. These results are consistent with a previous p

• Although resembling a differential symbiotic

  2022-03-31

  

  Although resembling a differential symbiotic relationship, interplay between prostate tumour CAFs promotes PKM2/HIF-1-driven transcriptional regulation in prostate cancer cells that exploit lactate produced by CAFs and undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) [21]. Although recent observat

• Most importantly proteomics analyses have been incorporated

  2022-03-31

  

  Most importantly, proteomics analyses have been incorporated in the study of numerous endocrine diseases that appear or may appear in childhood, starting from the stage of the early fetus to the universally applied newborn screening programs and to adolescence, and shedding light on the molecular pa

• As part of their ongoing effort in the

  2022-03-31

  

  As part of their ongoing effort in the field, Kalypsis recently disclosed that quinazolinones 5 [49], imidazo[1,2-a] [1,2]diazepin 6 [50] and quinolines 7 [51] all had activity as small molecule modulators of TGR5 (Figure 4). Intercept, however, disclosed different bile cas chemical derivatives as

• ATP as a transmitter can be released from injured cells

  2022-03-31

  

  ATP as a transmitter can be released from injured AUY-922 and sensory nerve endings (Sperlágh et al., 1995, Sperlágh et al., 1997, Sperlágh et al., 1998, Burnstock, 2013, Burnstock, 2014). ATP can activate the P2X3 receptor in the DRG neurons (Gao et al., 2011a; Xu et al., 2012). In DRG neurons cul

• Oxidative stress results from the disequilibrium between

  2022-03-31

  

  Oxidative stress results from the disequilibrium between levels of prooxidant molecules produced and the ability of a biological system to detoxify and neutralize the reactive molecules [14]. OS is a chronic, self-perpetuating state of damage to cells and increased inflammation resulting from the co

• Cortisol is a natural glucocorticoid hormone produced by the

  2022-03-31

  

  Cortisol is a natural glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. Its secretion is stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system, and its main function is to mobilize energy to protect the homeostasis of vital biochemical processes during physical and psychological stress [14]. Chronic lev

• Subsequently we decided to test whether the orexin pathway w

  2022-03-30

  

  Subsequently, we decided to test whether the orexin pathway was involved (Delhanty et al, 2012, Delhanty et al, 2013, Pei et al, 2014). Orexin neuronal systems are known to control limbic and neocortical structures (Bonnavion, de Lecea, 2010, Sakurai, 2007). Orexin receptors and possibly orexin synt

• The C terminal regions in both FGF and FGF

  2022-03-30

  

  The C-terminal regions in both FGF19 and FGF21 define their KLB interaction [15], [16], [23], [25]. However, less than 40% identity in comparative alignment of C-terminal sequences for these two proteins (Table 1) suggests that their interaction with KLB may require higher-order association with oth

• A common feature of ferroptosis is the iron

  2022-03-30

  

  A common feature of ferroptosis is the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid-ROS and the subsequent depletion of polyunsaturated fatty BIIE 0246 phospholipids (PUFA-PLs) [118]. The PUFA chains of membrane lipids are more susceptible to both enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation, which results in PUFA

• Potential roles for S P

  2022-03-30

  

  Potential roles for S1P in angiogenesis, cancer, and autoimmune diseases such as RA have been reported [73]. In RA synoviocytes, S1P has been shown to enhance expression of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in response to the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-

• Cell stiffness is determined by the cytoskeleton

  2022-03-30

  

  Cell stiffness is determined by the cytoskeleton, an intracellular polymeric network consisting of mmae mg filaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments, and crosslinking proteins [38]. Low cell stiffness has been correlated with reduced formation of well-defined F-actin filaments or bundles [39]

• More specific quantitative assays for DiXaIs are based on

  2022-03-30

  

  More specific quantitative assays for DiXaIs are based on the inhibition of chromogenic or clotting activity of Factor Xa. During drug development, Kubitza developed an endogenous Anti-Factor Xa assay [45], which is very sensitive to Rivaroxaban drug concentration. This assay was based on Factor Xa

• DZNep is a PRC inhibitor that inhibits S adenosylhomocystein

  2022-03-30

  

  DZNep is a PRC2 inhibitor that inhibits S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, resulting in cellular accumulation of S-adenosylhomocysteine. S-adenosylhomocysteine is a competitive inhibitor of methyl donor for methyltransferases [38]. DZNep targets EZH2 by reduction in the level of the enzyme H3K27me3 a

• In human cancers it has

  2022-03-30

  

  In human cancers, it has been identified that FOXC2-AS1 functions as an oncogenic RNA. For instance, in osteosarcoma, FOXC2-AS1 regulates the expression of FOXC2 at the transcription and post-transcription levels to promote doxorubicin resistance by facilitating ABCB1 expression (C.L. Zhang et al.,

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