• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Type diabetes is a progr

  2022-04-22

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Type 2 diabetes is a progressive metabolic disorder which is characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia due to relative insulin deficiency, insulin resistance and increased hepatic glucose production [1]. The metabolism of glucose by glycolysis increases the ATP:ADP

• Gp induces cell death by

  2022-04-22

  

  Gp120 induces cell death by apoptotic mechanisms and increases intracellular Ca, and activates messengers related to cell death. Intracellular mechanisms of neuronal damage are mainly a consequence of the activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) [2], [5], which induces excitotoxicity

• In our study we evaluated adenovirus type Ad

  2022-04-22

  

  In our study we evaluated adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) as a vehicle for delivering Cre recombinase in conditional transgenic mouse based on the Cre-loxP system, in order to achieve GlyT1 gene modulation in a specific thalamic region in the adult animal. GlyT1 is a sodium- and chloride-coupled glycine tra

• Due to the high structural similarity between GlxI

  2022-04-22

  

  Due to the high structural similarity between GlxI and FosA, it is possible that GlxI directed evolution experiments could produce FosA enzymatic activity in a GlxI enzyme. Although the current investigation was unable to detect FosA activity by mutation of a key metal liganding residue in the activ

• We report here a patient with a

  2022-04-22

  

  We report here a patient with a one-base frame-shift deletion in the PURA gene that presented an unusual phenotype including persistent hypoglycorrhachia. We propose a possible link between hypoglycorrhachia and PURA dysfunction postulating PURA as a GLUT1 regulator. We therefore hypothesize that mu

• Our initial lead optimization started with the modification

  2022-04-21

  

  Our initial lead optimization started with the modification of the indole head group as summarized in . Extensive exploration indicated that there was limited tolerance of structural change in this region of the molecule. All of the modifications to the indole moiety, including N-substitution (), li

• It must be noted that while the

  2022-04-21

  

  It must be noted that while the accumulated evidence on molecular mechanisms has resulted in well-established experimental methods to externally act on single-cell characteristics and networks, safe and efficient external methods to modify multicellular states are still a matter of basic research. C

• Next we studied the effects of the

  2022-04-21

  

  Next, we studied the effects of the compounds PA-Glu, PA-hSuc, and PA-hPim on the IGly of rat hippocampal neurons. As in the experiments with IGABA, IGly was affected by steroids with a pregnane skeleton, but not those with an androstane skeleton. At the same time, androstane steroids were shown to

• Ru II complexes have been reported to

  2022-04-21

  

  Ru(II) complexes have been reported to be both duplex and G-quadruplex structure stabilizers, and potent anticancer agents [[11], [12], [13], [14]]. Barton, Norden, as well as Ji groups have provided detailed information about recognition and reactions of classical duplex DNA by Ru complexes [[47],

• Regulation of FGF signalling is

  2022-04-21

  

  Regulation of FGF signalling is critical to ensure a balanced response to receptor stimulation. This occurs largely through negative feedback mechanisms, including receptor internalisation via ubiquitination (Wang et al., 2002) and induction of negative regulators, for example SPRY, SPRED 1 and 2 an

• One may ask whether induced loss through chemical

  2022-04-21

  

  One may ask whether induced loss, through chemical or genetic perturbation for example, of an essential cellular factor represents regulated cell death or simple loss of the homeostasis needed for life. For example, deletion of the Mdm2 gene, or inhibition of the MDM2 protein, results in cell death

• br Conclusion Discovery of an ideal

  2022-04-21

  

  Conclusion Discovery of an ideal orally active antithrombotic drug has remained elusive till date. Research efforts in this direction led to the discovery of numerous coagulation enzyme inhibitors including various thrombin and FXa inhibitors. Several preclinical studies have highlighted the impo

• br Problem of cellular retention not

  2022-04-21

  

  Problem of cellular retention not only affects the cellular activity of the nanoparticles and nanocomplexes but can also have ramifications in their in vivo applications. While inorganic nanoparticles are being developed extensively for detection as well as treatment of different human diseases, i

• Lieber have discussed alcohol outside

  2022-04-20

  

  Lieber (2000), have discussed alcohol outside the context of hepatitis C infection exerts specific pathologic effects on the liver. Liver biopsies in patients with hepatitis C who drink alcohol are generally consistent with hepatitis C alone, with portal-based pathology, rather than alcoholic injury

• In diseased blood vessels increased production

  2022-04-20

  

  In diseased blood vessels, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as peroxynitrite, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide, have been found [[53], [54], [55]]. Peroxynitrite was suggested to alter the redox state of sGC [53] while hydrogen peroxide interfered with the action of NO bu

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